Write alt text that states purpose, not pixels. Describe what matters for the task, tone, or data insights, and omit decorative fluff. If the image contains text, include it or provide an accessible equivalent. Complex diagrams deserve long descriptions or data tables users can navigate and compare independently.
Follow WCAG contrast ratios—at least 4.5:1 for most text—and avoid meaning that relies on color alone. Pair color with labels, patterns, or icons. Test light and dark modes, hover and focus states, and mobile glare situations. Generous line height, paragraph spacing, and column width reduce visual fatigue and errors.
Animations can delight yet also trigger motion sensitivity or distract cognition. Offer reduced‑motion preferences, keep transitions brief, and avoid parallax for critical paths. Prevent auto‑playing media. Provide clear controls, pause and close buttons, and a calm baseline that respects users’ focus when skimming, reading deeply, or multitasking under time pressure.
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